
WELCOME to the Summer 2006 Compliance Corner!
Welcome to Compliance Corner - the official WBCA publication for Division I legislation! In collaboration with the NCAA, this publication will be distributed on a quarterly basis and will contain NCAA Division I legislative news and notes affecting women's basketball, recruiting basics, questions from our coaches, Q & A, and other legislative information you need to know. The primary purpose of this publication is to help our coaches navigate the complexity of NCAA bylaws and legislation and serve as a quick and convenient reference. In this issue, we cover the month of July. Feel free to offer any suggestions or feedback to make this tool more useful. However, we encourage you to contact your compliance officers on campus with any questions.
Thank you,
WBCA
WBCA Spring Survey
Thanks to those head coaches who took the time to complete
and return the 2006 WBCA Spring Survey. Your input is invaluable in guiding
the WBCA staff regarding the views of the Division I coaching community,
as well as assisting us in providing feedback to the NCAA. The survey
responses have been compiled and proposed legislation sent forward to
the NCAA Women's Basketball Issues Committee for support. If supported,
then proposals will move to the appropriate cabinets for review and hopefully
be submitted by the 2006-07 legislation deadline.
Playing Rules Update
The NCAA Playing Rules Oversight Panel approved a proposal
from the Women's Basketball Rules Committee that does not allow an airborne
player falling out of bounds or into the backcourt to be granted a timeout.
The 2006-07 Division
I Women's Basketball Recruiting Calendar
The calendar is now available on the NCAA Website at www.ncaa.org.
Once on the NCAA homepage, click on the Legislation & Governance tab
located on the menu near the top of that page, then select the Recruiting
option on the left-hand menu, click on the Recruiting Calendars link under
the Recruiting Resources, General Information options to arrive at the
list of calendars, finally, select Women's Basketball under the Division
I 2006-07 heading.
RECRUITING IN JULY
In July
2006 coaches will be governed by the rules in effect that specifically
address additional restrictions during the July evaluation periods. This
legislation reads: In women's basketball, during the July evaluation periods,
all communication with a prospective student-athlete, the prospective
student-athlete's relatives or legal guardians, the prospective student-athlete's
coach or any individual associated with the prospective student-athlete
as a result of the prospective student-athlete's participation in basketball,
directly or indirectly, is prohibited. The restrictions relate to the
entire evaluation period and not just a certified event the coach is attending.
The July evaluation periods for 2006 are July 6-15 and July 22-31. (Bylaws
13.1.3.1.3.1 and 13.1.7.2.2-(c))
Please note that during July evaluation periods you are NOT allowed to:
communicate, via telephone calls or general correspondence,
including text messages, instant messages and emails (either directly
or through a third party), with a prospect;
provide a prospect printed materials in person or through
the mail;
talk to a prospect's high school coach at any time or location
(such as a certified event) during the evaluation period;
contact a prospect's AAU coach if that coach's team has
been eliminated from the event and has departed the competition site;
communicate with a prospects scholastic coach who is not
affiliated with her nonscholastic team;
communicate, or have contact, with a high school or two-year
college coach who is in attendance at a certified event but is not affiliated
with any prospects participating in that event;
contact a prospect if that prospect has already signed a
National Letter of Intent with the institution;
telephone a prospect's relatives or legal guardians, the
prospect's coach or any individual associated with the prospect as a result
of the prospect's participation in basketball.
1. Question: What communication may an institution's coach have with the
operator of an event if that operator also coaches a team participating
in the event?
Answer: Under these circumstances, communication with the operator of
an event who also coaches a team participating in the event should be
limited to discussions of administrative details concerning the event
(e.g., gym locations, game times) and may not include discussions related
to recruiting or any prospective student-athlete.
2. Question:
May an institution conduct a camp and have official and unofficial visits
during the six-day Dead Period during July?
Answer: No. This period is a Dead Period and absolutely no on or off campus
in-person contact with prospects is permissible during this time. However,
telephone calls and written correspondence are still permitted. (Bylaw
13.02.4.4)
3. Question:
May I call a prospect who has completed participation in a certified event
and is traveling home from the event with her team during the dead period?
For instance, the event concluded on July 15, and she is traveling back
home with her team on July 16.
Answer: No. If the prospective student-athlete has not yet been released
by the appropriate authority you may not make a phone call to her or her
parent or legal guardian.
4. Question:
During the July evaluation period may members of our coaching staff visit
a prospect's school?
Answer: Yes, under specific circumstances. During the July evaluation
period, there are no limitations on the number of times an institutional
staff member may visit a prospective student-athlete's educational institution
(Bylaw 13.1.5.1.3). However, remember that during the July evaluation
periods all communication with a prospective student-athlete, the prospective
student-athlete's relatives or legal guardians, the prospective student-athlete's
coach or any individual associated with the prospective student-athlete
as a result of the prospective student-athlete's participation in basketball,
directly or indirectly, is prohibited (Bylaws 13.1.7.2.2 and 13.1.3.1.3.1).
5. Question:
It seems to me that the rules different than for evaluation periods that
do not occur in July.
Answer: Yes, they are different. During the academic year, institutional
staff members may visit a prospective student-athlete's educational institution
on not more than one occasion during a particular week within an evaluation
period.
PHONE CALLS
1. Question: The rules indicate we can make three phone calls to prospects
during the month of July. What are the specifics?
Answer: Three (3) telephone calls to a prospect or the prospect's
parents or legal guardian(s) may be made during the month of July following
the prospect's junior year in high school, with no more than one telephone
call per week. Remember as per Bylaw 13.1.3.1.3.1, during the July evaluation
periods all communication with a prospective student-athlete, the prospective
student-athlete's relatives or legal guardian(s), the prospective student-athlete's
coach or any individual associated with the prospective student-athlete
as a result of the prospective student-athlete's participation in basketball,
directly or indirectly, is prohibited. So, specifically for the summer
of 2006 this boils down to the following: one call can be made on Saturday,
July 1; one call Sunday, July 2 through Wednesday, July 5; and one call
from Sunday, July 16 through Friday, July 21.
2. Question:
May an institution's coach accept a telephone call from a prospect's parent
during the July evaluation periods?
Answer: No. It is not permissible for an institutional coaching staff
member to have any in-person or verbal contact with a prospect, the prospect's
parents or legal guardians, the prospect's coach or any individual associated
with a prospect's participation in basketball during this time period
regardless of who initiates the contact. If a prospect or her parents/guardians
should call and you happen to receive the call, you must cease communication
immediately.
CURRENT STUDENT-ATHLETES
AND SIGNED PSAs
1. Question: May our director of operations participate in our student-athletes'
pick-up games?
Answer: No. A coaching or noncoaching staff member (e.g., administrative
assistant, director of operations) with sport-specific responsibilities
may not participate with or observe student-athletes in the staff member's
sport who are engaged in nonorganized voluntary athletically related activities
(e.g., pick-up games). [Bylaws 11.7.1.1.1 (countable coach), 11.7.1.1.1.1
(noncoaching activities), 17.02.1 (countable athletically related activities)
and 17.02.13 (voluntary athletically related activities)]
2. Question: May our sports information director participate in our
student-athletes' pick-up games?
Answer. Yes. But he or she is not allowed to "report back" to
the coaching staff regarding the play of the student-athletes.
3. Question: May our student-athletes' participate in a summer league?
Answer: Yes. A student-athlete may compete during the period between June
15 and August 31 or the institution's opening day of classes, whichever
comes earlier, on an outside team which is in an NCAA-approved league,
provided the student-athlete has received written permission from the
institution's director of athletics (or the director's official representative)
prior to participation in the league. [Bylaw 14.7.3.2-(a)]
4. Question: May our student-athletes' participate in more than one
of these summer leagues?
Answer: No. As set forth in Bylaw 30.15, all Division I players must limit
their summer basketball competition to one team in one league.
5. Question: How many of our student-athletes can play on the same
summer league team?
Answer: Two. Each summer basketball team must limit its roster to not
more than two student-athletes with intercollegiate basketball eligibility
remaining from any two or four-year college (other than Divisions II or
III institutions). A student-athlete who is listed on the roster of a
team and withdraws or is injured and will not continue to practice or
compete may be replaced for the remainder of the season by another basketball
student-athlete from the same institution. The institution is permitted
only one replacement per summer league basketball team. [Bylaw 17.5.8.2-(d)]
6. Question: May a member of the athletic department staff, like our
team's athletic trainer, play on a summer league team with our current
student-athletes?
Answer: No. Coaching staff members or an institutional staff member with
basketball-specific duties may not participate on teams that include individuals
with eligibility remaining or that include individuals of prospective
student-athlete age or younger, regardless of the gender of the participants.
(Bylaw 13.11.1.4)
7. Question: May the athletic trainer for men's basketball or football
play on a summer league team with our current student-athletes?
Answer: Yes.
8. Question: May our student-athletes participate in their respective
State Games?
Answer: Yes. In accordance with Bylaw 14.7.3.1-(f), basketball student-athletes
may participate in state or national multi-sport events. Please note that
Bylaw 17.5.8.2-(a) specifies that not more than two student-athletes from
the same Division I institution may participate on an outside team in
state or national multi-sport basketball competition at any time.
9. Question: May a prospect who has signed a National Letter of Intent
to play at our school participate in a summer league, and if so, is she
counted as one of the two allowed from one school on each roster?
Answer: Yes to the first question; No to the second. A high school or
two-year college prospect, including one who has signed a National Letter
of Intent, is not counted against any institution's limit of one student-athlete
per team, inasmuch as she is not a student-athlete pursuant to Bylaw 12.02.5.
10. Question: What materials are we allowed to provide to our in-coming
freshmen?
Answer: You are allowed to provide any necessary preenrollment information,
including information in a video format, regarding orientation, conditioning,
academics and practice activities, provided the prospect has signed a
National Letter of Intent or financial aid agreement or has been officially
accepted for enrollment. [Bylaw 13.4.1.1 (printed recruiting materials).]
Once this occurs, such pre-enrollment information may be provided as stand-alone
information (i.e., does not have to be attached to general correspondence).
Prior to the signing of a NLI or financial aid agreement or the prospect's
official acceptance for enrollment, it remains permissible for an institution
to provide pre-enrollment information as a black and white attachment
to general correspondence, as such information is not created for a recruiting
purpose. Further, it is not permissible for institutions to send necessary
pre-enrollment information to prospective student-athletes via an express
mail delivery service.
11. Question: What are the rules as far as the contact I can have with
prospects that have signed a National Letter of Intent to play for us?
Answer: In women's basketball, subsequent to the calendar day on which
the prospective student-athlete signs the National Letter of Intent (NLI),
there shall be no limit on the number of contacts by the institution with
which the prospective student-athlete has signed. For an institution not
utilizing the NLI in women's basketball or for those prospective student-athlete's
not eligible to sign the NLI (e.g., four-year college transfer), there
shall be no limit on the number of contacts with the prospective student-athlete
by that institution subsequent to the calendar day of the prospective
student-athlete's signed acceptance of the institution's written offer
of admission and/or financial aid. However, the following conditions continue
to apply: (a) No in-person, on- or off-campus contact may be made during
a "dead period;" (b) No on- or off-campus contact (including
correspondence and telephone calls) may be made by a representative of
the institution's athletics interests except those involving permissible
preenrollment activities (e.g., discussion of summer employment arrangements);
and (c) Contact at the site of a prospective student-athlete's competition
shall continue to be governed by the provisions of Bylaw 13.1.7.2. (Bylaw
13.1.6.8.1)
12. Question: Over the summer may I review film with a prospect who
has signed a National Letter of Intent to play for us?
Answer: No. It is not permissible for an institution's coaching staff
members to engage in any practice activities (e.g., review of playbook,
chalk talk, film review) with current student-athletes or with a prospective
student-athlete prior her initial enrollment at the certifying institution
and outside of the institution's playing season. [Bylaws 14.1.8.1 (requirement
for practice), 14.1.8.1.1 (practice prior to initial enrollment), 17.02.1
(countable athletically related activities) and 17.1.1 (playing season)]
CAMPS AND CLINICS
1. Question: When may we hold our institutional camps/clinics?
Answer: During the months of June, July and August only, but not during
a Dead Period that falls in those months (July 16-21). An institution's
basketball camp or clinic may be conducted only during the months of June,
July and August, or any calendar week (Sunday through Saturday) that includes
days of those months. (Bylaw 13.12.1.1.2)
2. Question: May our current student-athletes get paid to work our
camps?
Answer: Yes. But a student-athlete who is employed in any sports camp
or clinic must meet the following requirements: (a) The student-athlete
must perform duties that are of a general supervisory character in addition
to any coaching or officiating assignments; (b) Compensation provided
to the student-athlete shall be commensurate with the going rate for camp
or clinic counselors of like teaching ability and camp or clinic experience
and may not be paid on the basis of the value that the student-athlete
may have for the employer because of the athletics reputation or fame
the student-athlete has achieved. It is not permissible to establish varying
levels of compensation for a student-athlete employed in a sports camp
or clinic based on the level of athletics skills of the student-athlete.(c)
A student-athlete who only lectures or demonstrates at a camp/clinic may
not receive compensation for his or her appearance at the camp/clinic.
(Bylaw 13.12.2.1)
3. Question: Is there a limit to the number our student-athletes that
can work our camps?
Answer: No.
4. Question: May we have our current student-athletes serve as demonstrators
in a DVD we are making to show at our summer camp?
Answer: Yes. Only if the student-athletes appearing in an instructional
video were filmed during their season and the hours were counted in the
permissible number of hours. It is not permissible to assemble members
of an institution's athletics team with remaining eligibility for demonstration
purposes only in conjunction with a sports camp or clinic that occurs
outside the playing season in the student-athletes' sport.
5. Question: May we send a copy of that DVD home with our campers?
Answer: Yes. The DVD may be provided to campers but the cost of the DVD
must be included in the camp entry fee.
6. Question: May we offer a group or discounted rate for our summer
camp to players below the ninth grade?
Answer: Yes. It is permissible for an institution to provide free or reduced
admission to attend the institution's camp/clinic to individuals who are
not high-school, prep-school or two-year college athletics awards winners
and who are not being recruited by the institution to participate in its
intercollegiate athletics program. The provision of reduced-admission
privileges to selected individuals who are not athletics award winners
is not considered an offer or inducement; however please note that such
individuals, even those below the ninth grade, who receive such privileges
would be considered prospective student-athletes. [Bylaws 13.02.8 (prospective
student-athlete); 13.13.1.5 (employment of prospects/no free or reduced
admission privileges)]
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Question: Is the baton rule still in effect?
Answer: No. Current legislation provides that in the case that all three
coaches who are permitted to contact or evaluate prospects off campus
at any one time are indeed off campus recruiting, another coach in that
same sport may leave campus to engage in off-campus contacts or evaluations
at any time, provided he or she does not begin any off-campus recruiting
activity until the coach being replaced has completed his or her recruiting
activities. Further, the replaced coach may not engage in additional recruiting
activities until after he or she has returned to the institution's campus.
(Bylaw 11.7.4.3.1)
2. Question:
May I attend my 10-year old niece's (who is not a prospective student-athlete)
upcoming summer league basketball games?
Answer: Yes, as long as you do so during a designated evaluation period
(July 6-15, July 22-31). Evaluation activities related to individuals
who are not yet prospective student-athletes may only occur during contact
or evaluation periods when it is permissible to evaluate prospective student-athletes.
If your niece's games occur in August, you are not allowed to attend as
that is a designated quiet period (August 1 through September 15). [Bylaws
13.02.11 (prospective student-athlete), 13.02.4 (recruiting periods) and
13.1.8 (limitations on number of evaluations-all sports)]
3. Question:
Am I allowed to coach my daughter's recreation league team?
Answer: No, not if she is a prospective student-athlete. A member of an
institution's coaching staff or an institutional staff member with basketball
specific duties (e.g., director of basketball operations, manager, administrative
personnel) may only participate in coaching activities involving nonscholastic-based
basketball teams that include the staff member's child or children and
are of the opposite gender than the team the staff member is associated
with at the institution. (Bylaw 13.11.1.4)
4. Question:
But I am allowed to coach my son's recreation league team?
Answer: Yes, regardless if he is a prospective student-athlete or not.
(Bylaw 13.11.1.4)
5. Question:
I've heard there is a change in the academic and graduation-rate data
we are required to provide to a prospect and her family. Is that correct?
Answer: Yes. Now in addition to graduation-rate data, institutions must
provide to prospective student-athletes and their parents or legal guardians
the information contained within the academic progress rate and graduation
success rate reports. The NCAA shall provide a compilation of graduation
data to the prospective student-athletes' guidance offices and high school
and two-year college coaches. (Bylaw 13.3.1.2)
6. Question:
What is the timeline for providing this academic information to the PSAs?
Answer: The information shall be provided at the earliest opportunity
after the institution's first arranged in-person encounter with the prospective
student-athlete or upon request; however, in no event shall an institution
provide the information later than the day prior to a prospective student-athlete's
signed acceptance of the National Letter of Intent or signed acceptance
of the institution's written offer of admission and/or financial aid.
(Bylaw 13.3.1.2)
7. Question:
In what format is the academic information to be provided?
Answer: An institution may provide the information in hard copy or electronic
form (e.g., electronic mail, linking to Web site). (Bylaw 13.3.1.2)
8. Question:
Some states now give a state-administered ACT on a different timeline
than the national testing dates. Do those scores count in the eyes of
the NCAA?
Answer: Yes. As indicated in Bylaws 13.6.2.2.2 and 14.3.1.3 (Test-Score
Requirements), a state-administered ACT exam may now be used to meet the
test-score requirement for initial eligibility certification purposes.
Further, such a state-administered ACT exam may fulfill the test score
requirement associated with a prospective student-athlete taking an official
visit.
9. Question:
When does my coach's certification actually expire?
Answer: In terms of coaches' certification, annual means that certification
needs to be renewed by August 1 of every year. Coaches' certification
runs from August 1 through July 31. A staff member may take the exam in
May or June and be certified for the upcoming year through July 31, as
long as it is the exam representing that year. If a coach does not receive
a passing grade, the coach is not permitted to re-take the exam for 30
days. Plan accordingly as there are no exceptions.
MULTIPLE-TEAM EVENTS
Legislation regarding multiple team events was passed this April in the
form of Proposal No. 2006-14. Below are some questions and answers pertaining
to the new regulations.
1. Question: When can when we begin playing regular season and multi-team
event games for the 2006-07 season?
Answer: On Friday, November 10, 2006. Contracts signed before January
8, 2006 for events scheduled to occur prior to the second Friday in November
may be honored. (Bylaw 17.5.3)
2. Question: How many regular-season games can we play in 2006-07?
Answer: A school is allowed to play 29 regular season contests if it is
not participating in a qualifying multi-team event. If your team is participating
in such an event, you must limit your regular season contests to 27. You
are allowed to play up to four games in the multi-team event for a maximum
of 31 regular season contests. (Bylaw 17.5.5.1)
3. Question:
Does our end of season conference tournament count toward the contest
limits?
Answer: No. A regularly scheduled, season-end, single-elimination basketball
championship tournament conducted by a conference (or the tournament used
to determine the conference's automatic entry in an NCAA basketball tournament)
among some or all if its members may be exempted from a member institution's
maximum number of contests. (Bylaw 17.5.5.3)
4. Question: Do
these qualifying multi-team events still need to be certified by the NCAA?
Answer: The certification process for contest limitation purposes no longer
exists. A qualifying multi-team event for purposes of the legislation
must satisfy the following criteria: a) The event must be sponsored by
the NCAA, an active or affiliated member or member conference of the Association;
b) must take place in the United States or one of its territories; c)
may include no more than four contests per institution; d) must conclude
not later than 14 days after first contest of the event; e) participation
shall be limited to one team per conference annually; and f) limits one
appearance per institution in the same event in a four-year period. (Bylaw
17.5.5.1.1)
5. Question:
May an institution that loses in the first round of a qualifying multi-team
event count the loss as one contest and switch out of the 27 contests
and one qualifying multi-team event contest limit in order to use the
29 contests limit instead?
Answer: No. An institution that participates in a qualifying multi-team
event (regardless of the number of contests it plays in the event) is
limited to the 27 contests plus one qualifying multi-team event contest
limit and may not switch to 29 contests limit option. (Bylaw 17.5.5.1)
6. Question:
May we participate in more than one qualifying multi-team event in a season?
Answer: No. But there has been a change in that your team may participate
in one qualifying multi-team event each season, as opposed to twice in
a four-year period as the rule has stated in the past. Note that as of
August 1, 2006 (the effective date of this legislation) the slate will
be wiped clean and all institutions will be free to schedule without regard
to participation in events in previous years. (Bylaw 17.5.5.4)
7. Question:
May we play in more than one event with multiple teams, like a tournament?
Answer: Yes. Not all multi-team events are qualifying multi-team events
(see criteria in Question and Answer #4). If your team is scheduled to
participate in a qualifying multi-team event as well as an additional
event with multiple teams participating, the games in the non-qualifying
event must count toward your contest limit of 27. Remember that regardless
of the event, all teams must be counting the event in the same fashion
regarding contest limits. (Bylaw 17.5.5.4)
8. Question:
May our team play in a qualifying multi-team event during the same year
we participate in a foreign tour?
Answer: Yes. A school is allowed to participate in both a foreign tour
and qualifying multi-team event in the same year. However, remember that
the foreign tour must take place during a vacation period and not within
30 days of the beginning of practice. (Bylaw 17.5.5.4.1)
WOMEN'S BASKETBALL
RECRUITING CALENDAR (www.ncaa.org)
The 2006-07 Division I Women's Basketball Recruiting Calendar is now available
on the NCAA Website at www.ncaa.org.
April 19, 2006, through July 5, 2006: Quiet Period.
July
6, 2006, through July 15, 2006: Evaluation Period.
July
16, 2006, through July 21, 2006, [except for below]: Dead Period.
It is permissible for an institution to have contact with a prospect who
is enrolled in the institution's summer term (i.e., summer session or
summer bridge program) and has signed a National Letter of Intent or other
written commitment to attend the institution.
July 22, 2006, through July 31, 2006: Evaluation
Period.
EXCEPTIONS
Evaluations are permissible in the following states only during the time
periods listed, provided evaluations outside of the July period are counted
toward the 85 recruiting-person days set forth above:
Hawaii: July 8-31.
All states (except Hawaii) that play the high-school basketball season
in the spring: July 8-31.
NATIONAL LETTER
OF INTENT SIGNING DATES
Early signing period: November 8 -15, 2006
Late signing period: April 11, 2007 - May 16, 2007
2006 NATIONAL TESTING
DATES
SAT
October 14, 2006
November 4, 2006
December 2, 2006
ACT
September 16, 2006 (only in Arizona, California,
Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Nevada, North Carolina,
Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas and Washington)
October 28, 2006
December 9, 2006
Submission of New
Legislative Proposals for the 2006-07 Legislative Cycle.
At a recent meeting, the NCAA Division I Management Council
confirmed the legislative cycle for the 2006-07 academic year, which provides
for initial review of legislation in January 2007 and a second review
the following April 2007. For a copy of the 2006-07 legislative calendar
visit the NCAA's Web site at www.ncaa.org. Pursuant to the legislative
calendar, NCAA Division I conferences must submit legislative proposals
by 5 p.m. Eastern time, Saturday, July 15. Please contact Lynn Holzman
(lholzman@ncaa.org) or Leeland
Zeller if you have any questions.
Division I Override
Period Expires Monday, June 26.
The NCAA membership services staff has mailed Division
I conference commissioners a memo detailing changes in Division I legislation
that were adopted and defeated by the Board of Directors during its April
27 meeting. Under NCAA Constitution 5.3.2.4.3, after the Board has acted
on a legislative proposal, it must be published to inform the membership
and to provide an opportunity to initiate an override of the action under
Constitution 5.3.2.3. As set forth in Constitutions 5.3.2.3 and 5.3.2.3.1,
Division I institutions may call for a vote to override the action of
the Board of Directors. To call for such action, written requests from
at least 30 active Division I institutions with voting privileges must
be received in the NCAA national office by 5 p.m. Eastern time, Monday,
June 26.
Change in Division
I Women's Basketball Committee Composition Adopted.
In an effort to ensure representation from each
of the four women's basketball regions and also allow for more flexibility
for committee appointments when the group experiences multiple departures
or resignations a change in the composition of the Division I Women's
Basketball Committee was passed. Additionally, the change will mirror
the current composition requirements of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball
Committee. The Division I Women's Basketball Committee shall now consist
of 10 members, including one member from each of the four Division I women's
basketball regions and six members selected at large. No more than three
committee members shall be from any single region. Six members shall be
representatives from Division I-A institutions, and four members shall
be representatives from Division I-AA or I-AAA institutions. The change
is effective immediately with the changes achieved through normal attrition.
(Bylaw 21.7.6.3.3.5.3.4)